How to read the map
The shaded surface shows forecast daily PM2.5 in µg/m³. Circles show station readings for the selected day, using the same concentration scale. Grey circles have no daily reading. A dashed grey circle marks a reading that failed the quality checks. Station details give the reason.
Click a station to compare all three values. Click anywhere in Laos to inspect its 1 km grid cell. The difference layer shows adjusted forecast minus CAMS; blue means lower and red means higher.
The colour scale fits the selected day by default. Choose a fixed scale to compare colours across dates. A 1 km grid does not establish accuracy at that scale.
Model and evaluation
A compact U-Net adjusts the operational CAMS forecast using forecast weather, elevation, land cover and population. The October 2025 dates were held out from model selection.
The tests did not establish a clear improvement over CAMS. Accuracy away from monitored locations remains uncertain. The model did not use the selected day's station readings as forecast inputs.
Sources and forecast timing
Forecasts: Copernicus CAMS. Station inventory and readings: OpenAQ and AirGradient provider records. Station details identify individual feeds and exclusions.
Static inputs: Copernicus DEM, ESA WorldCover 2020 and GHS-POP 2020. National boundary: geoBoundaries. Contains modified Copernicus information.
The planned input cutoff is 17:30 and issue time is 18:00 in Laos, for the next local day. Historical frames replay archived operational forecasts. The current diagnostic records its actual completion time and may fall outside that schedule.
Forecast layers and station data are embedded in this file. The OpenStreetMap basemap needs an internet connection.